Table 1 Characteristics of the authors

Number of Authors per publication

 1–2

1(8)

 3–4

6 (50)

 5–6

2 (25)

  > 6

2 (17)

1st and last author affiliation

 Iran

1 (8)

 USA

3 (25)

 China

5 (42)

 Pakistan

1 (8)

 UK

1 (8)

 Russia

1 (8)

1st author number of retracted publications

 1

10 (83)

 2

2 (17)

Last author number of retracted publications

 1

12 (100)