Fig. 2

Change in student performance when transitioning from p-Tests to v-Tests. The figure illustrates the average results obtained by each student during the first part of the semester when assessed with p-Tests (represented by circles) and during the second part when evaluated with v-Tests (represented by squares). Gray lines indicate the extent to which their results improved or diminished. a Students belonging to Group 1 (those with the lowest p-Test results) experienced an average improvement of 2.83 points, with some showing up to 6.24 points enhancement during the multiple-choice virtual tests (v-Tests). Conversely, c students from Group 3 (those with the highest p-Test results) saw an average decline of 2.71 points, with some experiencing up to 6.33 points reduction